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Sermon 72: Of Evil Angels

   https://wesleyworks.ecdsdev.org/sermons/Sermon072

03:003 An Introductory Comment [to Sermons 71-72]

These twin essays in angelology were written as a single exercise in January 1783, and then published in four successive instalments with texts but no titles in the Arminian Magazine, 1783 (Vol. VI, January through April), under the rubric, ‘Original Sermons by the Rev. John Wesley, M. A., Sermons XIII and XIV’. The paired sermons, with their present titles, were then published in SOSO, VI.103-45, and not published again in Wesley’s lifetime.

He must have thought that he needed to say something about the place and role of angels in ‘the great chain of being’ which, along with the Christian Platonists, he conceived of as the general structure of creation (see No. 56, ‘God’s Approbation of His Works’, I.14 and n.). This would also help explain his placement of these sermons here, after his delineations of the limits of knowledge and reason. But angelology was not one of his prime interests; this is suggested by the fact that he had preached from Heb. 1:14 only three times before (in 1752, 1758, and 1782) and from Eph. 6:12 only once (in 1759); his other references to angels are few and scattered in his writings as a whole.

Wesley’s ideas here, with a single puzzling exception (see No. 72, ‘Of Evil Angels’, I.3), are unsurprisingly conventional. One finds much the same viewpoints in Anglican theology in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, usually in connection with a doctrine of Providence or other comments on ‘the ways of God to men’. However, there are two identifiable sources closer than others to Wesley’s basic arguments here; only their practical applications are clearly different. One of these is Bishop George Bull, Some Important Points of Primitive Christianity, especially Sermons 11 and 12. Note that Wesley has reversed Bull’s order. This would follow his other main source, Thomas Crane’s second chapter, ‘Of Good and Bad Angels’, in Isagoge ad Dei Providentiam. And, of course, the great cosmic vision of Paradise Lost stands in Wesley’s further background here. It is interesting that Wesley could not have known Milton’s chapter IX, ‘Of the Special Government of Angels’, in his posthumous De Doctrina Christiana, since that was not published until 1825. But there is nothing in this part 03:004of Milton’s ‘doctrine’ from which Wesley would have dissented. And, on a crucial point, that it was a majority of the angels who fell and enlisted under Satan’s banner, Milton’s scenario in Paradise Lost is clearly decisive here.

03:016 Of Evil Angels

Ephesians 6:12

We wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against wicked spirits

1

Translated thus in Wesley’s Notes.

in heavenly places.

11. It has been frequently observed that there are no gaps or chasms in the creation of God, but that all the parts of it are admirably connected together, to make up one universal whole. Accordingly there is one chain of beings,

2

For other references to this favourite notion of Wesley’s, cf. No. 56, ‘God’s Approbation of His Works’, I.14 and n.

from the lowest to the highest point, from an unorganized particle of earth or water to Michael the archangel. And the scale of creatures does not advance per saltum,
3

The ‘fixity of species’ and their continuous gradation was a basic supposition of Aristotelian biology which Wesley still took for granted; cf. Historia Animalium, VIII.588a-b.

by leaps, but by smooth and gentle degrees; although it is true, these are frequently imperceptible to our imperfect faculties. We cannot accurately trace many of the intermediate links of this amazing chain, which are abundantly too fine to be discerned either by our senses or understanding.

22. We can only observe, in a gross and general manner, rising one above another, first, inorganical earth, then minerals and vegetables in their several orders; afterwards insects, reptiles, fishes, birds, beasts, men, and angels. Of angels indeed we know nothing with any certainty but by revelation. The accounts which are left by the wisest of the ancients, or given by the modern heathens, being no better than silly, self-inconsistent fables, too gross to be imposed even upon children. But by divine revelation we are informed that they were all created holy and happy; yet they did not all continue as they were created—some kept, but some left, their first estate. The former of these are now good angels; the latter, evil angels. Of the former I have spoken in a 03:017preceding discourse; I purpose now to speak of the latter. And highly necessary it is that we should well understand what God has revealed concerning them, that they may gain no advantage over us by our ignorance, that we may know how to wrestle against them effectually. For ‘we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against wicked spirits in heavenly places.’

33. This single passage seems to contain the whole Scripture doctrine concerning evil angels. I apprehend the plain meaning of it, literally translated, is this: ‘Our wrestling’, the wrestling of real Christians, ‘is not’ only, or chiefly, ‘against flesh and blood’—weak men or fleshly appetites and passions—‘but against principalities, against powers’—the mighty princes of all the infernal legions,

4

Jackson emended the original ‘legions’ to ‘regions’, and may have had a textual warrant, since he had before him Wesley’s annotated copy of Sermons, Vol. VI, now missing.

with their combined forces: and great is their power, as is also the power of the legions which they command—‘against the rulers of the world’ (this is the literal meaning of the word). Perhaps these principalities and powers remain chiefly in the citadel of their kingdom. But there are other evil spirits that range abroad, to whom the provinces of the world are committed. ‘Of the darkness’—chiefly the spiritual darkness—‘of this age’—which prevails during this present state of things—‘against wicked spirits’—eminently such, who mortally hate and continually oppose holiness, and labour to infuse unbelief, pride, evil desire, malice, anger, hatred, envy, or revenge—‘in heavenly places’—which were once their abode, and which they still aspire after.

In prosecuting this important subject, I will endeavour to explain, first, the nature and properties of evil angels; and, secondly, their employment.

1

1I. 1. With regard to the first, we cannot doubt but all the angels of God were originally of the same nature. Unquestionably they were the highest order of created beings. They were spirits, pure, ethereal creatures, simple and incorruptible; if not wholly immaterial, yet certainly not encumbered with gross, earthly flesh and blood. As spirits they were endued with understanding, with affections, and with liberty, or a power of self-determination; so 03:018that it lay in themselves either to continue in their allegiance to God or to rebel against him.

22. And their original properties were doubtless the same with those of the holy angels. There is no absurdity in supposing Satan, their chief, otherwise styled ‘Lucifer, son of the morning’,

5

Isa. 14:12.

to have been at least ‘one of the first, if not the first Archangel’.
6

Milton, Paradise Lost, v.659-60.

Like the other sons of the morning, they had a height and depth of understanding quite incomprehensible to us. In consequence of this they had such knowledge and wisdom that the wisest of the children of men (had men then existed) would have been mere idiots in comparison of them. Their strength was equal to their knowledge, such as it cannot enter into our heart to conceive; neither can we conceive to how wide a sphere of action either their strength or their knowledge extended. Their number God alone can tell: doubtless it was only less than infinite. And a third part of these stars of heaven the arch-rebel drew after him.
7

See Rev. 12:4.

33. We do not exactly know (because it is not revealed in the oracles of God) either what was the occasion of their apostasy, or what effect it immediately produced upon them. Some have not improbably supposed that when God ‘published the decree’ (mentioned Psalm 2:6-7) concerning the kingdom of his only-begotten Son to be over all creatures, these first-born of creatures gave place to pride, comparing themselves to him (possibly intimated by the very name of Satan, Lucifer, or Michael, which means, ‘Who is like God?’).

8

AM (1783) reads ‘Satan, Lucess, or Michael…’, obviously a printer’s error. In the errata to AM and in his personal copy Wesley altered this to ‘Satan, successor of Michael’. For SOSO (1788) he altered it yet again to the reading here preferred. This preference presupposes Wesley’s disagreement with traditional angelology, in which Satan and Lucifer are allied, and Michael has no such successor—cf. Rev. 12:7-9 and Isa. 14:12-20 (AV); see also J. B. Russell, Satan, the Early Christian Tradition (Cornell Univ. Press, 1981), pp. 67, 131, 194. The problem of Wesley’s first alteration, however, still remains as an unaccountable anomaly.

It may be, Satan, then first giving way to temptation, said in his heart, ‘I too will have my throne. “I will sit upon the sides of the north! I will be like the Most High.”’
9

Isa. 14:13-14.

But how did the mighty then fall!
10

See 2 Sam. 1:19, 25, 27. Cf. Charles Wesley’s hymn on Gen. 1:27, Short Hymns on Select Passages of the Holy Scriptures: ‘How are the mighty fallen!’ (Poet. Wks., IX.2).

What an amazing loss did they sustain! If we allow of them all, what our poet supposes concerning their chief in particular:

03:019
His form had not yet lost
All its original brightness, nor appeared
Less than archangel ruined, and the excess
Of glory obscured;
11

Cf. Milton, Paradise Lost, i.591-94; and see No. 71, ‘Of Good Angels’, I.5 and n.

If we suppose their outward form was not entirely changed (though it must have been in a great degree, because the evil disposition of the mind must dim the lustre of the visage), yet what an astonishing change was wrought within when angels became devils, when the holiest of all the creatures of God became the most unholy!

44. From the time that they shook off their allegiance to God they shook off all goodness, and contracted all those tempers which are most hateful to him, and most opposite to his nature. And ever since they are full of pride, arrogance, haughtiness, exalting themselves above measure; and although so deeply depraved through their inmost frame, yet admiring their own perfections. They are full of envy, if not against God himself (and even that is not impossible, seeing they formerly aspired after his throne), yet against all their fellow-creatures; against the angels of God, who now enjoy the heaven from which they fell; and much more against those worms of the earth who are now called to ‘inherit the kingdom’.

12

1 Cor. 6:9, etc.

They are full of cruelty, of rage, against all the children of men, whom they long to inspire with the same wickedness with themselves, and to involve in the same misery.

55. In the prosecution of this infernal design they are diligent in the highest degree. To find out the most effectual means of putting it into execution, they apply to this end the whole force of their angelical understanding. And they second it with their whole strength, so far as God is pleased to permit. But it is well for mankind that God hath set them their bounds which they cannot pass. He hath said to the fiercest and strongest of the apostate spirits, ‘Hitherto shalt thou come, and no farther.’

13

Job 38:11.

Otherwise how easily and how quickly might one of them overturn the whole frame of nature! How soon would they involve all in one common ruin, or at least destroy man from the face of the earth!
14

Gen. 6:7.

And they are indefatigable in their bad work: they never are faint or weary. Indeed it seems no spirits are capable of weariness but those that inhabit flesh and blood.

6 03:0206. One circumstance more we may learn from the Scripture concerning the evil angels. They do not wander at large, but are all united under one common head. It is he that is styled by our blessed Lord, ‘the prince of this world’;

15

John 12:31; 14:30; 16:11.

yea, the Apostle does not scruple to call him ‘the god of this world’.
16

2 Cor. 4:4.

He is frequently styled ‘Satan’, the adversary, being the great adversary both of God and man. He is termed, ‘the devil’; by way of eminence, ‘Apollyon’,
17

Rev. 9:11; see also Matthew Poole, Annotations; Matthew Henry, Exposition; and Wesley, Notes, on the meaning of the name (from ἀπολλύειν, to destroy). Wesley says: ‘Both Abaddon and Apollyon signify a destroyer. By this he [Apollyon] is distinguished from the dragon, whose proper name is Satan.’ But he would also have had in mind ‘the foul fiend’ in Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress who assaults Christian on his way through the Valley of Humiliation.

or the destroyer; ‘the old serpent’,
18

Rev. 12:9; 20:2.

from his beguiling Eve under that form; and ‘the angel of the bottomless pit’.
19

Rev. 9:11.

We have reason to believe that the other evil angels are under his command; that they are ranged by him according to their several orders, that they are appointed to their several stations, and have from time to time their several works and offices assigned them. And undoubtedly they are connected (though we know not how; certainly not by love) both to him and to each other.

2

0II. But what is the employment of evil angels? This is the second point to be considered.

11. They are (remember! so far as God permits) κοσμοκράτορες,

20

Cf. Eph. 6:12, and the references in the intertestamental literature in Arndt and Gingrich, Greek-English Lexicon. For Wesley’s satanocratic views, cf. No. 12, ‘The Witness of Our Own Spirit’, §10 and n.

‘governors of the world’! So that there may be more ground than we are apt to imagine for that strange expression of Satan when he had ‘showed’ our Lord ‘all the kingdoms of the world, and the glory of them’: ‘All these things will I give thee, if thou wilt fall down and worship me.’

Matt. 4:8-9.

It is a little more particularly expressed in the fourth chapter of St. Luke. ‘The devil showed unto him all the kingdoms of the world in a moment of time.’
21

Luke 4:5.

03:021(Such an astonishing measure of power is still left in the prince of darkness!) ‘And the devil said, All this power will I give thee, and the glory of them: for that is delivered unto me; and to whomsoever I will, I give it.’

[Luke 4:] ver. 5, 6.

They are ‘the rulers of the darkness of this age’
22

Eph. 6:12 (Notes).

(so the words are literally translated), of the present state of things, during which ‘the whole world lieth in the wicked one.’
23

1 John 5:19 (Notes).

He is the element of the children of men only, those who fear God being excepted. He and his angels, in connection with, and in subordination to him, dispose all the ignorance, all the error, all the folly, and particularly all the wickedness of men, in such a manner as may most hinder the kingdom of God, and most advance the kingdom of darkness.

22. ‘But has every man a particular evil angel as well as a good one attending him?’ This has been an exceeding ancient opinion both among the Christians and the Jews before them. But it is generally doubted whether it can be sufficiently proved from Scripture. Indeed it would not be improbable that there is a particular evil angel with every man, if we were assured there is a good one. But this cannot be inferred from those words of our Lord concerning little children, ‘In heaven their angels do continually see the face of their Father which is in heaven.’

24

Cf. Matt. 18:10.

This only proves that there are angels who are appointed to take care of little children. It does not prove that a particular angel is allotted to every child. Neither is it proved by the words of Rhoda, who hearing the voice of Peter said, ‘It is his angel.’
25

Acts 12:15.

We cannot infer any more from this, even suppose ‘his angel’ means his guardian angel, than that Rhoda believed the doctrine of guardian angels, which was then common among the Jews. But still it will remain a disputable point (seeing revelation determines nothing concerning it) whether every man is attended either by a particular good or a particular evil angel.

33. But whether or no particular men are attended by particular evil spirits, we know that Satan and all his angels are continually warring against us, and watching over every child of man. They are ever watching to see whose outward or inward circumstances, whose prosperity or adversity, whose health or sickness, whose 03:022friends or enemies, whose youth or age, whose knowledge or ignorance, whose business or idleness, whose joy or sorrow, may lay them open to temptation. And they are perpetually ready to make the utmost advantage of every circumstance. These skilful wrestlers espy the smallest slip we make, and avail themselves of it immediately; as they also are ‘about our bed, and about our path, and spy out all our ways’.

26

Cf. Ps. 139:2 (BCP).

Indeed each of them ‘walketh about as a roaring lion, seeking whom he may devour’,
27

Cf. 1 Pet. 5:8.

or whom he may ‘beguile through his subtlety, as the serpent beguiled Eve’.
28

Cf. 2 Cor. 11:3.

Yea, and in order to do this the more effectually they transform themselves into angels of light. Thus

With rage that never ends
Their hellish arts they try:
Legions of dire, malicious fiends,
And spirits enthroned on high.
29

Charles Wesley, ‘Hymns for the Watch-night’, No. 8, st. 7, ll. 5-8, in Hymns and Sacred Poems (1749), II.130 (Poet. Wks., V.272). See also, No. 83, ‘On Patience’, §2, where the first four lines of this stanza appear.

44. It is by these instruments chiefly that the ‘foolish hearts’ of those that know not God ‘are darkened’;

30

Cf. Rom. 1:21.

yea, they frequently darken in a measure the hearts of them that do know God. ‘The god of this world knows’ how to ‘blind our hearts,’
31

Cf. 2 Cor. 4:4.

to spread a cloud over our understanding, and to obscure the light of those truths which at other times shine as bright as the noonday sun. By this means he assaults our faith, our evidence of things unseen.
32

See Heb. 11:1.

He endeavours to weaken that hope full of immortality
33

Wisd. 3:4. For Wesley’s other uses of this text, cf. Nos. 74, ‘Of the Church’, §9; 87, ‘The Danger of Riches’, I.11, II.12; and 129, ‘Heavenly Treasure in Earthen Vessels’, I.3.

to which God had begotten us,
34

See 1 Pet. 1:3.

and thereby to lessen, if he cannot destroy, our joy in God our Saviour. But above all he strives to damp our love of God, as he knows this is the spring of all our religion, and that as this rises or falls the work of God flourishes or decays in the soul.

55. Next to the love of God there is nothing which Satan so cordially abhors as the love of our neighbour. He uses therefore 03:023every possible means to prevent or destroy this; to excite either private or public suspicions, animosities, resentment, quarrels; to destroy the peace of families or of nations, and to banish unity and concord from the earth. And this indeed is the triumph of his art; to embitter the poor, miserable children of men against each other, and at length urge them to do his own work, to plunge one another into the pit of destruction.

35

Ps. 55:23 (AV).

66. This enemy of all righteousness is equally diligent to hinder every good word and work. If he cannot prevail upon us to do evil he will, if possible, prevent our doing good. He is peculiarly diligent to hinder the work of God from spreading in the hearts of men. What pains does he take to prevent or obstruct the general work of God! And how many are his devices to stop its progress in particular souls!

36

Cf. No. 42, ‘Satan’s Devices’, passim.

To hinder their continuing or growing in grace, in the knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ!
37

See 2 Pet. 3:18.

To lessen, if not destroy, that ‘love, joy, peace’; that ‘long-suffering, gentleness, goodness’; that ‘fidelity, meekness, temperance’,
38

Gal. 5:22-23 (Notes).

which our Lord works by his loving Spirit in them that believe, and wherein the very essence of religion consists.

77. To effect these ends he is continually labouring with all his skill and power to infuse evil thoughts of every kind into the hearts of men. And certainly it is as easy for a spirit to speak to our heart as for a man to speak to our ears. But sometimes it is exceeding difficult to distinguish these from our own thoughts, those which he injects so exactly resembling those which naturally arise in our own minds. Sometimes indeed we may distinguish one from the other by this circumstance: the thoughts which naturally arise in our minds are generally, if not always, occasioned by, or at least connected with, some inward or outward circumstance that went before. But those that are preternaturally suggested have frequently no relation to or connection (at least none that we are able to discern) with anything which preceded. On the contrary they shoot in as it were across, and thereby show that they are of a different growth.

39

Cf. No. 41, Wandering Thoughts, passim.

88. He likewise labours to awaken evil passions or tempers in our souls. He endeavours to inspire those passions and tempers 03:024which are directly opposite to ‘the fruit of the Spirit’.

40

Gal. 5:22; Eph. 5:9.

He strives to instil unbelief, atheism, ill-will, bitterness, hatred, malice, envy—opposite to faith and love; fear, sorrow, anxiety, worldly care—opposite to peace and joy; impatience, ill nature, anger, resentment—opposite to long-suffering, gentleness, meekness; fraud, guile, dissimulation—contrary to fidelity; love of the world, inordinate affection, foolish desires—opposite to the love of God. One sort of evil desires he may probably raise or inflame by touching the springs of this animal machine,
41

Cf. No. 51, The Good Steward, I.4 and n.

endeavouring thus by means of the body to disturb or sully the soul.

99. And in general we may observe that as no good is done, or spoken, or thought by any man without the assistance of God, working together in and with those that believe in him; so there is no evil done, or spoke[n], or thought, without the assistance of the devil, ‘who worketh with energy’, with strong though secret power, ‘in the children of unbelief’.

42

Cf. Eph. 2:2.

Thus he ‘entered into’
43

Luke 22:3.

Judas, and confirmed him in the design of betraying his Master. Thus he ‘put it into the heart’ of Ananias and Sapphira ‘to lie unto the Holy Ghost’.
44

Cf. Acts 5:3.

And in like manner he has a share in all the actions and words and designs of evil men. As the children of God ‘are workers together with God’
45

Cf. 2 Cor. 6:1.

in every good thought, or word, or action; so the children of the devil are workers together with him in every evil thought, or word, or work. So that as all good tempers, and remotely all good words and actions, are the fruit of the good Spirit; in like manner all evil tempers, with all the words and works which spring from them, are the fruit of the evil spirit; insomuch that all the ‘works of the flesh’,
46

Gal. 5:19.

of our evil nature, are likewise the ‘works of the devil’.
47

1 John 3:8.

1010. On this account, because he is continually inciting men to evil, he is emphatically called, ‘the tempter’.

48

Matt. 4:3; 1 Thess. 3:5.

Nor is it only with regard to his own children that he is thus employed. He is continually tempting the children of God also, and those that are labouring so to be:

03:025
A constant watch he keeps;
He eyes them night and day:
He never slumbers, never sleeps,
Lest he should lose his prey.
49

Cf. Charles Wesley, Hymns and Sacred Poems (1749), II.119, No. 2 of ‘Hymns for the Watch-night’ (Poet. Wks., V.261):

A constant watch he keeps,

He eyes me night and day,

And never slumbers, never sleeps,

Lest he should lose his prey.

See also No. 132, ‘On Faith, Heb. 11:1’, §10, where Wesley again quotes this quatrain.

Indeed the holiest of men, as long as they remain upon earth, are not exempt from his temptations. They cannot expect it; seeing ‘it is enough for the disciple to be as his Master.’

50

Cf. Matt. 10:25.

And we know he was tempted to evil till he said, ‘Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit.’
51

Luke 23:46.

1111. For such is the malice of the wicked one that he will torment whom he cannot destroy. If he cannot entice men to sin he will (so far as he is permitted) put them to pain. There is no doubt but he is the occasion, directly or indirectly, of many of the pains of mankind; which those who can no otherwise account for them lightly pass over as ‘nervous’. And innumerable ‘accidents’, as they are called, are undoubtedly owing to his agency, such as the unaccountable fright or falling of horses, the overturning of carriages, the breaking or dislocating of bones; the hurt done by the falling or burning of houses, by storms of wind, snow, rain, or hail, by lightning or earthquakes. But to all these, and a thousand more, this subtle spirit can give the appearance of ‘accidents’, for fear the sufferers, if they knew the real agent, should call for help on one that is stronger than him.

1212. There is little reason to doubt but many diseases likewise, both of the acute and chronical kind, are either occasioned or increased by diabolical agency; particularly those that begin in an instant, without any discernible cause; as well as those that continue, and perhaps gradually increase, in spite of all the power of medicine. Here indeed ‘vain men’ that ‘would be wise’

52

Job 11:12.

again call in the nerves to their assistance. But is not this explaining ignotum per ignotius—a thing unknown by what is more 03:026unknown?
53

A Latin tag long since a commonplace; cf. Chaucer, ‘The Canon’s Yeoman’s Tale’, l. 904, Canterbury Tales (1687), p. 109. See Wesley’s letter to William Law, Jan. 6, 1756: ‘ignotum per aeque ignotum’; and also A Farther Appeal, Pt. I, V.9 (11:147 in this edn.).

For what do we know of the nerves themselves? Not even whether they are solid or hollow!

1313. Many years ago I was asking an experienced physician, and one particularly eminent for curing lunacy, ‘Sir, have you not seen reason to believe that some lunatics are really demoniacs?’ He answered: ‘Sir, I have been often inclined to think that most lunatics are demoniacs. Nor is there any weight in that objection that they are frequently cured by medicine. For so might any other disease occasioned by an evil spirit, if God did not suffer him to repeat the stroke by which that disease is occasioned.’

54

Probably Thomas Deacon (1698-1753), a physician and schismatic non-juring bishop, much interested in demoniacal possession and exorcisms. In No. 132, ‘On Faith, Heb. 11:1’, §8, Wesley speaks of ‘one of the most eminent physicians I ever knew, particularly in cases of insanity, Dr. Deacon’. He had known Deacon first at Oxford, and in his diary records a visit with Deacon in Manchester on May 17, 1733 (and occasional visits thereafter). See also The Principles of a Methodist Farther Considered, IV.7, and Wesley’s letter to Thomas Stedman, Aug. 13, 1774. The same idea had already been suggested by Joseph Mede, Discourse VI, on John 10:20, Works, p. 29.

1414. This thought opens to us a wider scene. Who can tell how many of those diseases which we impute altogether to natural causes may be really preternatural? What disorder is there in the human frame which an evil angel may not inflict? Cannot he smite us, as he did Job, and that in a moment, with boils from the crown of the head to the sole of the foot?

55

Job 2:7.

Cannot he with equal ease inflict any other either external or internal malady? Could not he in a moment, by divine permission, cast the strongest man down to the ground, and make him ‘wallow foaming’,
56

Mark 9:20.

with all the symptoms either of an epilepsy or apoplexy? In like manner, it is easy for him to smite any one man, or everyone in a city or nation, with a malignant fever, or with the plague itself, so that vain would be the help of man.

1515. But that malice blinds the eyes of the wise,

57

Deut. 16:19.

one would imagine so intelligent a being would not stoop so low as it seems the devil sometimes does to torment the poor children of men! For to him we may reasonably impute many little inconveniences which we suffer. ‘I believe’ (said that excellent man, the Marquis de Renty, when the bench on which he sat snapped in sunder 03:027without any visible cause), ‘that Satan had a hand in it, making me to fall untowardly.’
58

Cf. Saint-Jure, Life, p. 96: ‘He told her [the Prioress of the Carmelites of Dijon] that being led into his Chapel of Citry, and set down upon a bench, by reason of his sickness, the bench broke, without any appearance at all to him that such a thing could happen, and that he believed, the evil spirit had broken it, to move him to impatience, making him to fall untowardly: “But by the mercy of God, I was no more moved thereat”, said he, “than you see me now, although the pains that surprised me were very sharp.”’ Cf. also, Wesley, An Extract of the Life of M. de Renty (Bibliog, No. 43), London, 1741, p. 21 (iv. 4).

I know not whether he may not have a hand in that unaccountable horror with which many have been seized in the dead of night, even to such a degree that all their bones have shook. Perhaps he has a hand also in those terrifying dreams
59

Cf. No. 124, ‘Human Life a Dream’, §4 and n.

which many have, even while they are in perfect health.

It may be observed in all these instances we usually say ‘the devil’, as if there was one only; because these spirits, innumerable as they are, do all act in concert, and because we know not whether one or more are concerned in this or that work of darkness.

3

0[III.] It remains only to draw a few plain inferences from the doctrine which has been delivered.

11. And first, as a general preservative against all the rage, the power, and subtlety of your great adversary, ‘put on the panoply’, the whole armour, ‘of God,’

60

Cf. Eph. 6:11.

universal holiness. See that ‘the mind be in you which was also in Christ Jesus’,
61

Cf. Phil. 2:5.

and that ye ‘walk as Christ also walked’;
62

Cf. 1 John 2:6.

that ye have a conscience void of offence toward God and toward men.
63

Acts 24:16.

So shall ye ‘be able to withstand’
64

Eph. 6:13.

all the force and all the stratagems of the enemy. So shall ye be able to ‘withstand in the evil day’,
65

Ibid.

in the day of sore temptation. And ‘having done all, to stand’
66

Ibid.

—to remain in the posture of victory and triumph.

22. To his ‘fiery darts’, his evil suggestions of every kind, blasphemous or unclean, though numberless as the stars of heaven, oppose ‘the shield of faith’;

67

Eph. 6:16.

a consciousness of the love of Christ Jesus will effectually quench them all.

Jesus hath died for you!
What can your faith withstand?
Believe, hold fast your shield! and who
Shall pluck you from his hand?
68

Cf. Charles Wesley, ‘The Whole Armour of God’, in Hymns and Sacred Poems (1749), I.237 (Poet. Wks., V.42). Orig., second line reads, ‘What can his love withstand?’

3 03:0283. If he inject doubts whether you are a child of God, or fears lest you should not endure to the end, ‘Take to you for a helmet the hope of salvation.’

69

Cf. 1 Thess. 5:8.

Hold fast that glad word, ‘Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who according to his abundant mercy hath begotten us again unto a living hope of an inheritance incorruptible, undefiled, and that fadeth not away.’
70

Cf. 1 Pet. 1:3-4.

You will never be overthrown, you will never be staggered by your adversary, if you ‘hold fast the beginning of this confidence steadfast unto the end.’
71

Cf. Heb. 3:14.

44. Whenever the ‘roaring lion, walking about and seeking whom he may devour’,

72

Cf. 1 Pet. 5:8.

assaults you with all his malice, and rage, and strength, ‘resist’ him, ‘steadfast in the faith’.
73

1 Pet. 5:9.

Then is the time, having cried to the Strong for strength,
74

See No. 48, ‘Self-denial’, III.4 and n.

to ‘stir up the gift of God that is in you;’
75

Cf. 2 Tim. 1:6.

to summon all your faith, and hope, and love; to turn the attack in the name of the Lord, and in the power of his might;
76

Eph. 6:10.

and ‘he will’ soon ‘flee from you.’
77

Jas. 4:7.

55. But ‘there is no temptation’, says one, ‘greater than the being without temptation.’

78

Miguel de Molinos, The Spiritual Guide Which Disentangles the Soul (1688), I.63. Wesley extracted this for the Christian Lib., XXXVIII.262: ‘Finally thou art to know, that the greatest temptation is to be without temptation.’

When therefore this is the case, when Satan seems to be withdrawn, then beware lest he hurt you more as a crooked serpent than he could do as a roaring lion. Then take care you are not lulled into a pleasing slumber, ‘lest he should beguile you as he did Eve’, even in innocence, and insensibly draw you ‘from your simplicity toward Christ’,
79

Cf. 2 Cor. 11:3.

from seeking all your happiness in him.

66. Lastly, if he ‘transform himself into an angel of light’,

80

Cf. 2 Cor. 11:14.

then are you in the greatest danger of all. Then have you need to beware, lest you also fall where many mightier have been slain: then have you the greatest need to ‘watch and pray, that ye enter not into temptation.’
81

Matt. 26:41.

And if you continue so to do, the God whom you love and serve will deliver you. ‘The anointing of the 03:029Holy One shall abide with you, and teach you of all things.’
82

Cf. 1 John 2:20, 27 (Notes).

Your eye will pierce through snares:
83

See Job 40:24.

you shall know what that ‘holy, and acceptable, and perfect will of God is’,
84

Cf. Rom. 12:1, 2.

and shall hold on your way till you ‘grow up in all things into him that is our head, even Christ Jesus.’
85

Cf. Eph. 4:15.

January 7, 1783

86

Date as added in AM.


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Entry Title: Sermon 72: Of Evil Angels

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