Notes:
Sermon 83: On Patience
This sermon first appeared in the Arminian Magazine for 1784 (March and April, VII.121-27, 178-82), without a title, numbered ‘Sermon XX’. There is a single diary reference to an oral sermon on Jas. 1:4, 5, on December 16, 1740, in Bristol. Wesley’s Journal states: ‘In the afternoon I preached on, “Let patience have her perfect work.”’)—proof enough that this text was not one of his favourites. The sermon has no internal clues as to its date or provenance other than the retrospective datings in §12, which suggest that it was not written before 1783.
The sermon’s present title was added when it was included in SOSO, VII.47-63, and is not altogether apt. Clearly, the sermon’s main theme is not ‘patience’ (ὑπομονή) but rather ‘perfection ’ as a requisite virtue in one’s further progress on the way to Christian maturity. In this sense, what we have here is yet another sermon in the line of his two previous ones: Nos. 40, Christian Perfection, and 76, ‘On Perfection ’. In §10, echoes from the continuing Calvinist debates may be heard; ‘final perseverance’ is rejected yet again. But the sermon’s argument and rhetoric come to a climax in §14, where we have the strongest emphasis to be found anywhere in the corpus on what later evolved into the Methodist doctrines of ‘entire sanctification as a second and separate work of grace’. (Cf. John L. Peters, Christian Perfection and American Methodism.)
The sermon was not reprinted in Wesley’s lifetime, and one wonders how widely and carefully it might have been read. Even so, it helps define the line of development that follows from the doctrinal premises of those earlier interrogations of Methodist preachers: ‘Are you going on to perfection?’ and ‘Do you expect to be made perfect in love in this life?’
03:170 On PatienceJames 1:4
Let patience have its perfect work, that ye may be perfect and entire, wanting nothing.
11. ‘My brethren,’ says the Apostle in the preceding verse, ‘count it all joy when ye fall into divers temptations.’
Jas. 1:2.
Cf. Heb. 12:11.
22. It is not to any particular person or church that the Apostle gives this instruction; but to all who are partakers of like precious faith,
See 2 Pet. 1:1.
Jude 3.
2 Cor. 5:21.
Heb. 2:18.
Cf. 1 Pet. 2:21.
See Wisd. 9:15; cf. No. 41, Wandering Thoughts, II.3 and n. Cf. also No. 76, ‘On Perfection’, II.9, where Wesley makes the point that no body or matter of any kind can be sinful, that only spirits are capable of sin—a very different statement.
Cf. No. 80, ‘On Friendship with the World’, §21 and n.
Cf. Ps. 120:4 (BCP).
Charles Wesley, ‘Hymns for the Watch-night’, No. 8, st. 7, ll. 1-4, in Hymns and Sacred Poems (1749), II.130 (Poet. Wks., V.272). The pronouns have been altered from ‘your’ to ‘our’. See also No. 72, ‘Of Evil Angels’, II.3, where the last four lines of this stanza appear.
For is not our ‘adversary the devil, as a roaring lion’, with all his infernal legions, ‘still going about seeking whom he may devour’?
Cf. 1 Pet. 5:8.
Cf. 1 Pet. 1:7.
33. But what is ‘patience’?
ὑπομονή: ‘endurance’ or ‘perseverance’ rather than passive resignation; cf. Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, III.6-7; and R. C. Trench, Synonyms of the New Testament (1880), loc. cit.
Johnson, Dictionary, had defined patience as ‘the power of suffering’, and quotes Bishop Sprat to this effect. Wesley, in a letter to Hannah Ball, Feb. 27, 1774, offers a further distinction: ‘There are two general ways wherein it pleases God to lead his children to perfection—doing and suffering.’ But in another letter to John Valton, Jan. 18, 1782, Wesley comments that for all his holiness the Apostle John ‘seems to have suffered very little’.
Cf. No. 27, ‘Sermon on the Mount, VII’, §4 and n.
Heb. 12:5.
Heb. 12:3.
Heb. 12:10 (Notes).
44. Very nearly related to patience is meekness;
Cf. No. 22, ‘Sermon on the Mount, II’, I.4 and n.
Cf. Matt. 11:29.
55. But what may we understand by the ‘work of patience’
Cf. Jas. 1:3. For other references to ‘patience’ cf. Nos. 22, ‘Sermon on the Mount, II’, I.12; 92, ‘On Zeal’, II.3; 108, ‘On Riches’, I.6-7; and 114, On the Death of John Fletcher, III.12 (where Wesley is quoting Mrs. Fletcher’s account of her husband).
Cf. Luke 21:19.
Prior, ‘Charity’, ll. 7-8. See also, An Earnest Appeal, §8 (11:47 in this edn.).
66. How lively is the account which the Apostle Peter gives, not only of the peace and joy, but of the hope and love which God 03:173works in those patient sufferers ‘who are kept by the power of God through faith unto salvation’!
1 Pet. 1:5.
1 Pet. 1:6; Jas. 1:2.
Cf. another parallel: 1 Pet. 1:7; Jas. 1:3.
1 Pet. 1:7-8.
77. And as peace, hope, joy, and love, are the fruits of patience, both springing from and confirmed thereby, so is also rational, genuine courage, which indeed cannot subsist without patience. The brutal courage, or rather fierceness, of a lion, may probably spring from impatience. But true fortitude, the courage of a man, springs from just the contrary temper. Christian zeal is likewise confirmed and increased by patience. And so is activity in every good work, the same spirit inciting us to be
“Patient in bearing ill, and doing well,Samuel Wesley, Jun., ‘The Battle of the Sexes’, st. xxxv, Poems (1736), p. 38; cf. No. 53, On the Death of George Whitefield, II.7 and n.
making us equally willing to do and suffer the whole will of God.
88. But what is the ‘perfect work’ of patience? Is it anything less than the ‘perfect love of God’,
Cf. 1 John 2:5.
Cf. Eph. 5:2.
Cf. Phil. 2:5.
Cf. Col. 3:10.
903:1759. But how does this work differ from that gracious work which is wrought in every believer when he first finds redemption in the blood of Jesus, even the remission of his sins? Many persons that are not only upright of heart, but that fear, nay, and love God, have not spoken warily upon this head, not according to the oracles of God. They have spoken of the work of sanctification, taking the word in its full sense, as if it were quite of another kind, as if it differed entirely from that which is wrought in justification.
Cf. Wesley’s other references to the antinomians such as William Cudworth, James Kelly, et al.; cf. A Short History of Methodism (1765), §§ 12ff., and A Blow at the Root (1762). This, of course, represented a persisting tendency running back into the seventeenth century (e.g., Tobias Crisp, John Saltmarsh, John Eaton, et al.).
See Eph. 1:6.
John 3:6-8; cf. No. 14, The Repentance of Believers, III.2 and n.
For the changes wrought by the new birth, cf. No. 19, ‘The Great Privilege of those that are Born of God’, I.1 and n.
1 John 2:16 (Notes); cf. No. 7, ‘The Way to the Kingdom’, II.2 and n.
Jas. 3:15.
Cf. Phil. 2:5.
1010. ‘Well, but what more than this can be implied in entire sanctification?’ It does not imply any new kind of holiness: let no man imagine this. From the moment we are justified till we give up our spirits to God, love is the fulfilling of the law
Rom. 13:10; see the trilogy on ‘the Law’ (Nos. 34, 35, 36, ‘The Original, Nature, Properties, and Use of the Law’, and ‘The Law Established through Faith’, Discourses I and II, and nn.).
A complex metaphor of covenant theology involving the first ‘promise’ to Eve in Gen. 3:16-19, to the ‘first’ and ‘second Adam’ theme of Gal. 3-4, and to the eschatological vision of 1 Cor. 15:21-28.
Cf. No. 17, ‘The Circumcision of the Heart’, I.2 and n.
Cf. 1 John 2:12-14; and No. 13, On Sin in Believers, III.2 and n. For the kinds of holiness, see No. 85, ‘On Working Out Our Own Salvation’, I.2, 3; for degrees of holiness, see No. 40, Christian Perfection, I.9 and n. For references to inward holiness (the love of God) and outward holiness (love of neighbour), cf. No. 7, ‘The Way to the Kingdom’, I.10 and n.
Cf. 1 Cor. 3:1.
1 Tim. 1:19.
See Isa. 36:6.
See 1 John 1:9.
Cf. Deut. 30:6.
John 6:38.
Cf. Matt. 26:39.
See Ps. 95:11.
Charles Wesley, Hymn VIII, ‘The Beatitudes’, st. 8, ll. 9, 10, in Hymns and Sacred Poems (1749), I.37. See also Wesley’s letter of Feb. 21, 1759, to an unidentified woman.
There is no mixture of any contrary affections—all is peace and harmony. After being filled with love, there is no more interruption of it than of the beating of his heart.
Orig., ‘…harmony after. Being filled…’, altered in Wesley’s MS errata in his copy of SOSO. These MS errata also revert to the text of AM at the end of this sentence, which SOSO had altered to read, ‘…his heart and continual love…’.
See Mark 12:30.
For this phrase, an allusion to one of his hymns, see No. 77, ‘Spiritual Worship’, II.6 and n.
1111. But it may be inquired, In what manner does God work this entire, this universal change in the soul of the believer? This strange work, which so many will not believe, though we declare it unto them? Does he work it gradually, by slow degrees? Or 03:177instantaneously, in a moment? How many are the disputes upon this head, even among the children of God! And so there will be, after all that ever was or ever can be said upon it. For many will still say, with the famous Jew, Non persuadebis, etiamsi persuaseris: that is, ‘Thou shalt not persuade me, though thou dost persuade me.’
The ‘famous Jew’ here was probably Agrippa (as in Acts 26:28: ἐν ὀλίγῳ με πείθεις χριστιανὸν ποιῆσαι). Cf. Aristophanes, Plutus, 600: οὐ γὰρ πείσις, οὔ᾽δὴν πείσῃς. As for the Latin version, see No. 4, Scriptural Christianity, IV.2 and n.
1212. This premised, in order to throw what light I can upon this interesting question I will simply relate what I have seen myself in the course of many years. Four or five and forty years ago (when I had no distinct views of what the Apostle meant by exhorting us to ‘leave the principles of the doctrine of Christ,’ and ‘go on to perfection’),
Cf. Heb. 6:1.
Thomas Walsh (1730-59) was Irish, a convert from Roman Catholicism, who became one of Wesley’s most trusted assistants. Though he served chiefly in Ireland, he made three visits to London, the last (referred to here) from Sept. 1756 to early 1757. Cf. James Morgan, The Life and Death of Mr. Thomas Walsh (1762).
John 3:8; Wesley’s point here is that the work of sanctification was uniquely the office of the Holy Spirit.
1313. But however that question be decided—whether sanctification, in the full sense of the word, be wrought instantaneously or gradually—how may we attain to it? ‘What shall we do’, said the Jews to our Lord, ‘that we may work the works of God?’
John 6:28 (Notes).
John 6:29.
Cf. Eph. 2:8.
Eph. 2:9.
Eph. 2:8.
1 Thess. 5:22.
Titus 2:14.
See the Sermon on The [Scripture] Way of Salvation [cf. No. 43, but note the different reading of Eph. 2:8].
Cf. Heb. 7:25.
Orig. (AM), ‘lacking’.
1414. Ye shall then be perfect. The Apostle seems to mean by this expression, τέλειοι,
Jas. 1:4.
Eph. 4:23.
See Col. 3:10.
See Eph. 4:24.
Jas. 1:4 and 1 Thess. 5:23; thus Wesley takes τέλειος and ὁλόκληρος as synonyms, both meaning ‘whole’ or ‘complete’.
Ps. 23:2 (BCP).
Cf. Isa. 27:3.
1 Thess. 5:16-18.
Cf. 2 Pet. 1:11.
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Entry Title: Sermon 83: On Patience